# Biomarkers of muscle damage and oxidative stress and biomechanical responses of two different advanced footwear technology shoes to a 60-min running test in competitive long-distance runners

## TL;DR

This study compared two advanced running shoes to see how they affect muscle damage and stress in long-distance runners after a 60-minute run.

## Contribution

The study evaluates the impact of two specific advanced footwear technologies on biomechanical and physiological responses in runners.

## Key findings

- Both Cloudboom Strike and Cloudboom Echo 3 shoes showed increased creatine kinase levels post-run, indicating muscle damage.
- No significant differences were found between the two shoes in most biomarkers of muscle damage, oxidative stress, or inflammation.
- Participants reported less delayed onset muscle soreness with the Cloudboom Strike model.

## Abstract

This study aimed to analyse the influence of Advanced Footwear Technology (AFT) on biomechanical, muscle damage, metabolic and oxidative stress markers in experienced long-distance runners.

Using a counter-balanced randomized experimental design with twelve tier 3 male runners, two AFTs were tested: Cloudboom Strike (CS) and Cloudboom Echo 3 (CE). All participants completed, in both conditions, a graded exercise test (GXT) to determine the VT1, followed by a prolonged effort test (60-min) at an intensity 10% above VT1. Finally a GXT to exhaustion to assess the changes in biomechanical parameters in a fatigued state was performed. 24-h before and after each visit, blood samples were drawn for muscle damage, metabolic and oxidative stress determination.

Creatin kinase (CK) increased post-visit in both CS and CE (p = 0.026; ES = 0.69 and p = 0.018; ES = 0.59; respectively). However, no other significant differences pre- and post-visit were found in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cortisol or total antioxidant status (TAS) in either the CS or CE conditions. There were no differences between conditions in any of the biomarkers measured, although participants perceived lower DOMS post-24 h with the CS model (p = 0.016; ES = 0.71). We found no shoe × time interaction in any biomechanical parameter evaluated during the prolonged effort or any variable at any speed stage between footwear conditions in the GXT to exhaustion.

According to our results, both the Cloudboom Strike and the Cloudboom Echo 3 models appear to provide minimal biomarker responses under these conditions after a 60-min treadmill run, regards to reducing muscle damage, oxidative and metabolic stress, soreness, and inflammation. This indicates attenuated biomarker responses when compared to previous studies with traditional footwear.