# Editorial: Advances in understanding mucosal immunity in coronaviruses: from mechanisms to vaccines

**Authors:** Farhat Afrin, Qibo Zhang, Wael Alturaiki, Waleed Mahallawi

PMC · DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1702286 · 2025-09-30

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** CD8A (CD8 subunit alpha) [NCBI Gene 925] {aka CD8, CD8alpha, IMD116, Leu2, p32}, CD4 (CD4 molecule) [NCBI Gene 920] {aka CD4mut, IMD79, Leu-3, OKT4D, T4}, CD79A (CD79a molecule) [NCBI Gene 973] {aka IGA, IGAlpha, MB-1, MB1}, S (surface glycoprotein) [NCBI Gene 43740568] {aka spike glycoprotein}, Itgae (integrin alpha E, epithelial-associated) [NCBI Gene 16407] {aka A530055J10, CD103, aM290, alpha-E1, alpha-M290}
- **Diseases:** MERS-CoV infection (MESH:D018352), infection (MESH:D007239), COVID-19 (MESH:D000086382), long-COVID (MESH:D000094024), systemic disease (MESH:D034721)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (no rank) [taxon 1335626], Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090], Gammacoronavirus (genus) [taxon 694013], Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (no rank) [taxon 2697049], Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (no rank) [taxon 694009]

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12518362