# Analysis of pedestrian wayfinding under herd effect in VR fire evacuation at indoor library: gender difference considered

## TL;DR

This study uses virtual reality to explore how people choose escape routes during a library fire, considering crowd behavior and gender differences.

## Contribution

The study introduces gender ratio as a factor influencing the herd effect in fire evacuation route choices.

## Key findings

- Pedestrians tend to follow the route chosen by the majority of the evacuating crowd.
- Participants are more likely to follow groups with a higher proportion of males.
- The influence of the herd effect is reduced when the gender ratio in the chosen route is imbalanced.

## Abstract

As libraries are critical areas for fire safety and evacuation, there is a need to expand research on pedestrian evacuation in this scenario.

We designed an immersive virtual reality (IVE) experiment to examine the wayfinding choices made by pedestrians during a library fire under conditions of different crowd patterns represented by non-game players and differences in gender ratios. A total of 162 participants were asked to engage in an evacuation task in a randomized order across sixteen different experimental scenarios.

(1) Under the influence of crowd patterns, pedestrians tended to follow the route chosen by the majority of the evacuating crowd. (2) Pedestrians tended to follow the group with a higher proportion of males in the evacuation. (3) When the proportion of males in the route chosen by the majority of the evacuating population is significantly smaller than the proportion of females, the pedestrian’s choice of that route is significantly lower. (4) The gender ratio significantly attenuates the influence of the herd effect on the subjects’ route decision-making.

This experiment expands the study of pedestrian routing behavior in a fire situation and provides some empirical evidence for the further improvement of fire evacuation.