Rare renal tumor: a case report of juxtaglomerular cell tumor and literature review

TL;DR

This paper reports a rare case of a juxtaglomerular cell tumor in a woman and reviews recent literature on its diagnosis and treatment.

Contribution

The paper provides a case report and literature review on JGCT, emphasizing its clinical challenges and management.

Findings

The patient's blood pressure normalized after surgical removal of the tumor.

A literature review highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis for effective treatment.

Malignant cases of JGCT require close follow-up due to potential for aggressive behavior.

Abstract

Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor (JGCT) is an extremely rare neoplasm of the kidney that poses a significant clinical challenge in terms of accurate diagnosis. The key to successful treatment lies in the accurate identification of renal lesion. Excessive secretion of renin by JGCT causes activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) secondary to uncontrollable hypertension, hypokalemia and consequently a range of clinical manifestations. While most JGCTs are benign, there have been reports of malignant cases, thus requiring close follow-up. In this case report, the subject is a middle-aged female patient who has suffered from recurrent poorly controlled blood pressure for a number of years. Following a medical examination, the patient was found to have the right renal mass, which was pathologically confirmed to be JGCT after laparoscopic partial right nephrectomy. Thereafter, the patient’s blood pressure recovered steadily during the subsequent follow-up period. Furthermore, a comprehensive summary of the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and review of case reports of JGCT from the last decade is provided, encompassing malignant biological behaviors.

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