# Scutellarin attenuated tubule cell apoptosis by modulating HIF-1α for the treatment of DKD: the insight integrating network analysis, machine learning and single-cell transcriptome

## TL;DR

Scutellarin helps treat diabetic kidney disease by reducing cell death through the HIF-1α pathway, as shown using network analysis, machine learning, and single-cell data.

## Contribution

Integration of network analysis, machine learning, and single-cell transcriptomics to identify HIF-1α as a novel target for scutellarin in DKD.

## Key findings

- Scutellarin upregulates HIF-1α transcriptional activity under high glucose-hypoxia conditions.
- CD-PC cells show high expression of HIF-1α and CASP3, key genes in DKD.
- Scutellarin reduces mitochondrial ROS and renal tubular cell apoptosis in DKD.

## Abstract

To explore the possible mechanism and target of scutellarin (Scu) on diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

The Network analysis was used to explore and enrich the possible pathway. RNA transcriptome were employed to deepen the understanding of candidate targets in key signaling pathways. Core targets were optimized through 8 machine learning algorithms. Single-cell transcriptome were utilized to clarify the expression locations and temporal trajectories of core targets, identifying high-expression cell types. Finally, molecular docking and cell experiments were conducted to validate the regulatory effects of Scutellarin on the molecular targets.

The Network analysis showed the roles of hypoxic response and apoptosis pathways. RNA transcriptome and machine learning identified HIF-1α and CASP3 as the hub genes related to DKD outcomes and hypoxic apoptosis. Single-cell transcriptome analysis confirmed the expression patterns and locations of hub genes, identifying the CD-PC cells as the high-expression cell type. In-vitro experiments demonstrated 20 μM scutellarin was most beneficial for mIMCD-3 cell proliferation. The hypoxia significantly enhanced HIF-1α gene transcription driven by HRE conserved genes (P < 0.0001), whereas high glucose inhibited hypoxia-induced HIF-1α transcription (P < 0.05). Scutellarin significantly upregulated HIF-1α transcriptional activity (P < 0.05) and HIF-1α total protein expression under high glucose-hypoxia (P < 0.05), reduced mitochondrial ROS release (P < 0.05) and renal tubular cell apoptosis (P < 0.01).

Scutellarin attenuated renal collecting duct cell apoptosis by modulating HIF-1α for the treatment of DKD.

Flowchart illustrating a six-step study on Scutellarin's effects on diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Step 1 involves network analysis and pathway interaction maps. Step 2 identifies key genes through bulk RNA analysis. Step 3 uses machine learning to recognize hub genes. Step 4 traces single-cell analysis trajectories. Step 5 details molecular docking showing Scutellarin binding potential. Step 6 shows verification experiments, highlighting reduced ROS levels and kidney cell apoptosis. Various visualizations, graphs, and charts support each step.