# Cyanidin‐3‐Glucoside Supplementation Modulates Bone Resorption in Experimental Apical Periodontitis

## TL;DR

This study shows that cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) reduces bone loss in rats with apical periodontitis by improving bone structure and reducing osteoclast activity.

## Contribution

The study demonstrates C3G's novel role in modulating bone resorption during apical periodontitis without affecting local inflammation.

## Key findings

- C3G-treated rats had reduced lesion volume and improved bone microstructure.
- C3G lowered the RANKL/OPG ratio and TRAP-positive cells, indicating reduced osteoclast activity.
- No significant changes in inflammatory markers like IL-1β, TNF-α, or IL-10 were observed.

## Abstract

Apical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory/infectious disease that leads to alveolar bone resorption. Cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (C3G) is an anthocyanin known for its anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and bone metabolism‐regulating properties, suggesting benefits during AP development. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of C3G supplementation on bone resorption and inflammation during the progression of AP in Wistar rats. Sixteen male albino Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a control group (C) that received potable water, and a treatment group (C3G) that received a C3G solution. Supplements were administered daily via oral gavage for 45 days. AP was induced in both groups on Day 15, and it was allowed to develop for 30 days. After the experimental period, the animals were euthanized, and the upper and lower jaws were collected to assess lesion volume, bone microstructure, the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate, and the expression of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐10, the RANKL/OPG ratio, and TRAP immunolabeling at the AP site. Statistical analysis was performed with a 5% significance level. Compared to controls, C3G‐treated rats exhibited reduced lesion volume, increased bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness, lower RANKL/OPG ratio, and fewer TRAP‐positive cells/mm (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in inflammatory infiltrate or cytokine expression (IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐10) at the lesion site (p > 0.05). C3G supplementation modulated bone resorption by reducing lesion volume and osteoclast activity, while enhancing bone microstructural parameters, without significantly affecting local inflammatory markers.

Cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (C3G) supplementation was administered to Wistar rats for 45 days. Apical periodontitis (AP) was induced on Day 15 and allowed to progress for 30 days. Compared with controls, C3G‐treated animals showed a lower RANKL/OPG ratio and fewer TRAP‐positive cells, along with improved bone parameters, including increased bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th). These changes were associated with reduced lesion volume, demonstrating that C3G effectively modulated osteoclast activity and bone resorption during AP development.