# Environmental noise and self-rated health in older surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia: a cross-sectional study of anxiety as a behavioral pathway for healthy aging

## TL;DR

High hospital noise levels worsen older patients' self-rated health, partly by increasing anxiety, suggesting noise reduction could improve aging outcomes.

## Contribution

Quantifies for the first time how hospital noise affects older adults' health via anxiety, offering actionable public-health strategies.

## Key findings

- Each 5 dB(A) increase in hospital noise raised odds of poor self-rated health by 16%.
- Anxiety mediated 23% of the negative health impact of hospital noise.
- Noise levels exceeded WHO guidelines, with poorest health in the noisiest quartile.

## Abstract

Promoting healthy aging—a core public-health objective—demands hospital environments that support functional recovery and well-being. Excessive ward noise, however, is a modifiable environmental factor that may thwart this goal by amplifying anxiety and diminishing older adults’ self-rated health, yet the magnitude and mechanism of this effect remain poorly quantified.

We undertook a cross-sectional survey in March–August 2024 at a tertiary hospital in Hebei Province, China. Continuous bedside monitoring captured 24-h A-weighted equivalent sound levels (LAeq) for 270 surgical in-patients aged ≥ 60 years. Exposure was grouped into quartiles [≤ 45, 45.1–50, 50.1–55, > 55 dB(A)]. Poor self-rated health (SRH, scores 1–3/5) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) were assessed concurrently. Hierarchical logistic models estimated associations per 5 dB(A) increment; bias-corrected bootstrap mediation quantified the proportion of the noise–health relation transmitted through anxiety.

Median LAeq was 52.1 dB(A), well above the WHO daytime limit of 35 dB(A). The prevalence of poor SRH rose from 28% in the quietest quartile to 58% in the noisiest (p < 0.001). After adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, clinical and ward factors, each 5 dB(A) increase in LAeq raised the odds of poor SRH by 16% (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.00–1.33, p = 0.047). Anxiety independently predicted poor SRH (OR = 1.10 per GAD-7 point) and mediated 23% of the total noise effect (indirect β = 0.048, 95% CI 0.019–0.086, p = 0.002).

Hospital sound levels substantially above international guidelines constitute a modifiable environmental barrier to healthy aging, deteriorating older adults’ self-perceived health partly by intensifying anxiety. Integrating acoustic standards into hospital quality metrics and coupling noise reduction with early anxiety management represent feasible public-health strategies to support functional recovery and well-being in rapidly aging populations.