# Clinical Manifestations in the Maxillofacial Region of Acute Crisis of Sickle Cell Anemia: A Case Report

## TL;DR

This case report describes a rare instance of mandibular osteomyelitis in a patient with sickle cell anemia and highlights the challenges in diagnosis and treatment.

## Contribution

The paper presents a rare case of mandibular involvement in sickle cell anemia and emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary care.

## Key findings

- Mandibular osteomyelitis in sickle cell anemia is rare and difficult to diagnose early.
- Multidisciplinary care, including clinical evaluation and imaging, is essential for effective management.
- The case highlights the need for awareness of atypical presentations in sickle cell disease.

## Abstract

Sickle cell anemia, or sickle cell disease, is a hematologic condition commonly found in populations from the Middle East, India, the Caribbean, and the Mediterranean. One of its complications is the development of long bone osteomyelitis. However, mandibular bone involvement is rare, which makes early diagnosis of this disease difficult when it affects this anatomical region. In this article, we present the case of a 25-year-old male with a prior diagnosis of sickle cell anemia who developed mandibular osteomyelitis associated with a paramandibular abscess and ipsilateral temporomandibular joint involvement, which was diagnosed and treated medically and surgically. Through this case, we aim to provide clinical insight into mandibular infectious complications associated with sickle cell anemia, along with their diagnosis and therapeutic management. Multidisciplinary care, clinical evaluation, laboratory findings, and imaging studies are the main pillars for the management of this disease. Furthermore, we review the literature on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of mandibular osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease.

Key words:Sickle cell anemia, mandibular osteomyelitis, Vascular Occlusion Crisis.