# Langerhans cell histiocytosis present in a 1-day-old girl: a case report

## TL;DR

A 1-day-old girl was diagnosed with Langerhans cell histiocytosis, a rare condition, and showed improvement after treatment with Tafinlar.

## Contribution

This case report highlights the challenges of diagnosing Langerhans cell histiocytosis in newborns and its management.

## Key findings

- A 1-day-old Chinese female infant was diagnosed with Langerhans cell histiocytosis through a skin biopsy.
- The child showed symptoms like fever and gastrointestinal bleeding before treatment with Tafinlar improved her condition.
- Early diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in newborns remains challenging due to varied clinical manifestations.

## Abstract

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare condition characterized by diverse clinical manifestations, ranging from cutaneous lesions to systemic involvement. Although Langerhans cell histiocytosis occurs infrequently in newborns, its diagnosis during this period presents significant challenges.

A 1-day-old Chinese female infant presented with multiple red papules at birth and was diagnosed with Langerhans cell histiocytosis following a second skin biopsy. Despite symptomatic treatment, the child experienced recurrent fever and gastrointestinal bleeding. Tafinlar treatment was initiated at 2 months of age, which improved her symptoms.

Prompt identification of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in newborns remains challenging owing to the disease’s complexity and varied clinical manifestations; thus, it is essential to advance pathological technologies for Langerhans cell histiocytosis detection.