# Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Its Association With Anxiety Among Family Physicians in Primary Healthcare in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

## TL;DR

This study found that a majority of family physicians in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, suffer from irritable bowel syndrome, and their anxiety levels are significantly linked to this condition.

## Contribution

The study is the first to investigate the prevalence of IBS and its association with anxiety among family physicians in Saudi Arabia.

## Key findings

- The prevalence of IBS among family physicians was 62.3%.
- Anxiety severity was significantly associated with IBS, with mild anxiety increasing IBS odds by 5.5 times.
- Family history of IBS and lower BMI were also significant predictors of IBS.

## Abstract

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder influenced by multiple psychosocial factors, including anxiety. Physicians, particularly those working in primary healthcare settings, are exposed to high occupational stress, potentially increasing their risk for both anxiety and IBS.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of IBS among family physicians in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, and to explore its association with anxiety levels.

Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2024 and April 2025 among 300 family physicians working in primary healthcare centers (PHCCs) in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-administered online questionnaire that included the Rome IV criteria for IBS and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. A pilot study was conducted with 20 physicians to validate the questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 28. Logistic regression was used to assess predictors of IBS. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results: The prevalence of IBS among participants was 187 (62.3%), and 125 (41.7%) reported mild anxiety. Moderate anxiety was observed in 34 (11.3%) and severe anxiety in 28 (9.3%). Anxiety severity was significantly associated with IBS (p = 0.001). Physicians with mild anxiety had 5.5 times higher odds of IBS compared to those with minimal anxiety (odds ratio (OR): 5.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.1-9.8). A positive family history of IBS (183, 61.0%) and lower BMI were also significantly associated with IBS prevalence. The job title showed a borderline association (p = 0.053).

Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of IBS and anxiety among family physicians in Tabuk. Anxiety severity, family history of IBS, and BMI were significant predictors. These findings highlight the need for psychological screening and stress management programs for healthcare professionals.