# The VUCA world and paradoxical dilemma on predicaments of foreign aid withdrawal or adjustment: problematisations, implications, and lessons

## TL;DR

This paper explores how the unpredictable VUCA world affects foreign aid and proposes a framework to address challenges in global development and resilience.

## Contribution

The paper introduces the MR-BOLD framework to analyze and respond to foreign aid adjustments in a VUCA world.

## Key findings

- The VUCA world necessitates vigilance and resilience in global aid and development efforts.
- A framework called MR-BOLD is proposed to critique and manage aid withdrawal implications.
- Critical thinking and governance principles are essential to navigate uncertain global dynamics.

## Abstract

The already impending volatile, unpredictable, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) world, driven in part by shifts and uncertainty in global, political, and financial markets, is becoming increasingly apparent, thereby rationalising the importance of vigilance, preparedness, and resilience by aid stakeholders. The implications this has for global health and security, governance, and development deserve critical consideration in efforts to protect public well-being and achieve or sustain resilience. The recent turn of events regarding the United States Agency for International Development’s humanitarian aid withdrawal/adjustment notice can be seen as an omen of an uncertain future if the implications are disregarded. Establishment of foreign aid programmes is motivated by several defining principles and factors that must be considered when critiquing problematisations related to their eventual adjustment/withdrawal. We designed and proposed a framework for critiquing motives, responsibility, benefits, opportunities, lessons, and dos (MR-BOLD), serving as a diagnosis and response planning tool to address lingering questions about the VUCA world-induced effects, such as aid adjustments/withdrawals. We should nudge and spread world consciousness that the impending VUCA world demands an antidote in the form of critical thinking, religious observance of corporate governance principles – transparency, accountability, fairness and responsibility, and measures to ensure efficiency in how all natures of relationships are managed to optimise their predictive success, lest our failures besiege us. Development stakeholders should span boundaries to critical thinking and innovation, such as diverse knowledge, approaches, perspectives, and culture, to consider the best ways to integrate, organise, and deploy available resources and opportunities in the quest for resilience.