TCR activation stimulates regulated intramembrane proteolysis of L-selectin by presenilin 1 and localized proteasomal degradation of the cytoplasmic tail

TL;DR

This paper shows how T cell receptor activation leads to the breakdown of L-selectin's cytoplasmic tail, affecting immune signaling.

Contribution

The study reveals a novel mechanism of L-selectin regulation via intramembrane proteolysis and proteasomal degradation following TCR activation.

Findings

TCR activation triggers ADAM17-dependent shedding of L-selectin's ectodomain.

The intracellular domain of L-selectin undergoes γ-secretase-mediated intramembrane proteolysis.

Proteasomal degradation of the L-selectin cytoplasmic tail occurs near the plasma membrane.

Abstract

Leucocyte (L)-selectin is essential for mounting protective immunity to pathogens. As well as regulating leucocyte recruitment, it also regulates their activation and differentiation inside tissues thereby shaping local immune responses. The biochemical signals that regulate these diverse functions of L-selectin are poorly understood. Leucocyte activation induces proteolytic shedding of L-selectin ectodomain (ECD) but the impact of ECD shedding on signaling downstream of L-selectin is not known. In T cells, there is substantial overlap between signaling downstream of L-selectin and the T-cell receptor (TCR). Cross-linking of L-selectin stimulates phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic tail and forward signaling via the nonreceptor tyrosine kinases Lck and Zap70. Cross-linking of TCR induces phosphorylation-dependent binding of PKC isozymes to L-selectin cytoplasmic tail and PKCα-dependent shedding of ECD. To further understand the role of L-selectin in T cell biology, we used T cells to dissect the cross-talk between L-selectin and physiological TCR activation. We used a combination of imaging flow cytometry and biochemistry to localize L-selectin ECD and intracellular domain (ICD) following engagement of the TCR. We show that following A Metalloproteinase And Disintegrin (ADAM) 17–dependent ECD shedding from the plasma membrane, the ICD-containing transmembrane retained fragment undergoes intramembrane proteolysis by PS1-containing γ-secretase. Subsequent degradation of L-selectin ICD occurs via the proteasome in the vicinity of the plasma membrane. Regulated intramembrane proteolysis and rapid degradation of L-selectin ICD following TCR activation suggests that the turnover of L-selectin cytoplasmic tail is an important regulator of T-cell costimulation by L-selectin.

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