# The Impact of Rapid Growth After Retardation at the First 1000 Days of Life (FDLs) on the Risk of Noncommunicable Diseases in Indonesian Adolescence

## TL;DR

This study shows that rapid growth after early life growth delays increases the risk of noncommunicable diseases in Indonesian adolescents.

## Contribution

The study identifies a link between rapid growth following early life growth retardation and increased NCD risk in adolescence.

## Key findings

- Rapid growth after early life retardation is significantly associated with increased hypertension risk in adolescents.
- The study found a link between post-retardation growth and higher diabetes mellitus risk.
- Adolescents with rapid post-retardation growth had increased obesity risk.

## Abstract

Background: Rapid growth is commonly found in children after experiencing poor nutritional status. In this context, growth retardation early in life is a major risk factor for developing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the impact of rapid growth after retardation at the first 1000 days of life (FDLs) on an increased risk of NCD in adolescents.

Method: A longitudinal analysis of Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) data was used for 1997, 2000, and 2014, respectively. Meanwhile, the initial data on subjects was taken in 1997 (Age 0–23 months) and observed at 3–5, then 17–19 years. This study used a generalized linear model with a 95% confidence interval for bivariate and multivariate analysis.

Results: The results showed a significant association between rapid growth after retardation at the FDLs and an increased risk of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity in adolescents.

Conclusion: The impact of rapid growth after retardation at the FDL increases the long-term risk of NCDs in later life. Early life interventions and policies focused on preventing undernutrition, ensuring a balanced diet, and regularly monitoring growth during the critical period.