# Perceptions of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among health care personnel in Thailand, 2024

## TL;DR

This study explores how healthcare workers in Thailand perceive influenza and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and what influences their vaccination decisions.

## Contribution

The study identifies distinct factors influencing influenza and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination intentions among healthcare personnel in Thailand.

## Key findings

- 74.8% of healthcare workers reported recent influenza vaccination, while 58.1% intended to receive annual SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
- Perceived vaccine safety was a strong predictor for future SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, while prior influenza vaccination predicted current influenza vaccination.
- Barriers differed: insufficient time for influenza and safety concerns for SARS-CoV-2.

## Abstract

Influenza and COVID-19 vaccinations are recommended for health care personnel (HCP) in Thailand, but uptake depends on HCP perceptions and motivations.

To assess factors associated with self-reported influenza vaccination in the most recent season and intention to receive future COVID-19 vaccination annually, HCP from 16 hospitals across eight Thailand provinces were surveyed during December 2023 through January 2024. Additional survey variables included demographic and occupational characteristics, prior experiences with vaccination, perceptions of disease severity and vaccine safety and effectiveness. Multilevel mixed effect multivariable logistic regression was used, accounting for variability at provincial and hospital levels.

Overall, 2,180 HCP were surveyed. Three-quarters (74.8%) reported influenza vaccination in the most recent season, and 58.1% intended to receive COVID-19 vaccination annually in the future. Previous influenza vaccination was strongly associated with reported vaccination in the current season (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.68–3.23). For future COVID-19 vaccination, perceived vaccine safety was strongly associated (aOR 3.49, 95% CI 3.18–3.84). Perceived disease severity was higher for COVID-19 than for influenza, but perceived vaccine safety and effectiveness were higher for influenza than for COVID-19. The most common barrier to influenza vaccination was insufficient time to get vaccinated (23.7%); whereas the most common barrier for COVID-19 vaccination was vaccine safety concern (30.0%).

Improving vaccination coverage among HCP might need different approaches for influenza and COVID-19 vaccines. Improving convenience might be especially important for increasing influenza vaccination coverage, whereas providing reassurance about COVID-19 vaccine safety might be especially important for COVID-19.