Clinical and epidemiological features of secondary glaucoma in a Mexican Tertiary Ophthalmology Hospital

TL;DR

This study examines the prevalence and causes of secondary glaucoma in adult patients at a Mexican hospital, finding that neovascularization is the most common cause.

Contribution

The study provides a detailed analysis of secondary glaucoma types and their prevalence in a Mexican tertiary hospital setting.

Findings

Neovascularization was the most frequent cause of secondary glaucoma (37.98%).

Secondary glaucoma affected 14.83% of the 1403 first-time patients analyzed.

The condition was equally prevalent in men and women (50% each).

Abstract

To determine the prevalence and types of secondary glaucoma in adult patients in a Mexican Tertiary Ophthalmology Hospital.

Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, and retrospective study in patients over 18 years of age diagnosed with secondary glaucoma in the period from January to June 2024. A non-probabilistic sampling was carried out within the established period, selecting patients with secondary glaucoma. The analysis included descriptive statistics of central tendency (mean, median, and mode) and dispersion (range, standard deviation) for numerical variables, as well as tables and/or graphs for categorical variables.

A total of 2390 records were analyzed, of which 987 corresponded to subsequent patients. A final sample of 1403 first-time patients was obtained, comprising 208 cases of secondary glaucoma (14.83%). The most frequent cause of secondary glaucoma was secondary to neovascularization (37.98%), in order of frequency, intraocular surgery (19.23%), corneal transplant (12.50%), ocular inflammation (10.10%), pseudoexfoliation syndrome (8.65%), ocular trauma (4.33%), pathologies associated with the lens (3.37%), other causes (1.44%), pigment dispersion syndrome and associated with corticosteroids (each 0.96%), finally associated with tumors (0.48%). The prevalence was 50% in women and 50% in men.

Our results, although not representative of the entire population, offer valuable exploration for future research. Our database, as a national referral hospital for glaucoma cases, provides a robust and relevant source of data for understanding this condition. The findings of this study can be used to inform future research on secondary glaucoma and potentially improve diagnosis and treatment strategies for patients with this condition.

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