# Sensor-Based Monitoring of Fire Precursors in Timber Wall and Ceiling Assemblies: Research Towards Smarter Embedded Detection Systems

## TL;DR

This study explores using sensors to detect fire precursors in wooden buildings, aiming to detect fires earlier than traditional smoke detectors.

## Contribution

The research introduces a sensor-based approach for early fire detection in timber structures using fire precursor gases.

## Key findings

- A specific gas portfolio was identified as early fire precursors.
- Sensor arrays detected fires earlier than conventional smoke sensors.
- The study provides insights for integrating gas sensing technologies in sustainable buildings.

## Abstract

A large-scale fire experiment was conducted using a prototype timber building structure. We focused on gases produced in the early stages of a fire and the use of multiple types of sensors for possible detection leading to the development of a more advanced sensor.

What are the main findings?
Specific gas portfolio.Earlier fire detection than conventional smoke sensors.

Specific gas portfolio.

Earlier fire detection than conventional smoke sensors.

What is the implication of the main finding?
Possibility to improve fire protection of timber buildings.Design a multisensory detector for life/property savings.

Possibility to improve fire protection of timber buildings.

Design a multisensory detector for life/property savings.

The movement towards low-emission and sustainable building practices has driven increased use of natural, carbon-based materials such as wood. While these materials offer significant environmental advantages, their inherent flammability introduces new challenges for timber building safety. Despite advancements in fire protection standards and building regulations, the risk of fire incidents—whether from technical failure, human error, or intentional acts—remains. The rapid detection of fire onset is crucial for safeguarding human life, animal welfare, and valuable assets. This study investigates the potential of monitoring fire precursor gases emitted inside building structures during pre-ignition and early combustion stages. The research also examines the sensitivity and effectiveness of commercial smoke detectors compared with custom sensor arrays in detecting these emissions. A representative structural sample was constructed and subjected to a controlled fire scenario in a laboratory setting, providing insights into the integration of gas sensing technologies for enhanced fire resilience in sustainable building systems.