# Microscale Flow Simulation of Resin in RTM Process for Optical Fiber-Embedded Composites

## TL;DR

This paper studies how embedding optical fibers affects resin flow in composites, using simulations to guide manufacturing improvements.

## Contribution

The study introduces a detailed simulation-based analysis of resin flow and impregnation in composites with embedded optical fibers.

## Key findings

- Resin flow characteristics and pressure distribution were analyzed under different optical fiber configurations.
- Dynamic simulations revealed impregnation time and porosity variations due to fiber embedding.
- Pore formation mechanisms and distribution patterns were identified to guide process optimization.

## Abstract

By embedding optical fiber sensors into fiber preforms and utilizing liquid molding processes such as resin transfer molding (RTM), intelligent composite materials with self-sensing capabilities can be fabricated. In the liquid molding process of these intelligent composites, the quality of the final product is highly dependent on the resin flow and impregnation effects. The embedding of optical fibers can affect the microscopic flow and impregnation behavior of the resin; therefore, it is necessary to investigate the specific impact of optical fiber embedding on the resin flow and impregnation of fiber bundles. Due to the difficulty of directly observing this process at the microscopic scale through experiments, numerical simulation has become a key method for studying this issue. This paper focuses on the resin micro-flow in RTM processes for intelligent composites with embedded optical fibers. Firstly, a steady-state analysis of the resin flow and impregnation process was conducted using COMSOL 6.0 obtaining the velocity and pressure field distribution characteristics under different optical fiber embedding conditions. Secondly, the dynamic process of resin flow and impregnation of fiber bundles at the microscopic scale was simulated using Fluent 2022R2. This study comprehensively analyzes the impact of different optical fiber embedding configurations on resin flow and impregnation characteristics, determining the impregnation time and porosity after impregnation under different optical fiber embedding scenarios. Additionally, this study reveals the mechanisms of pore formation and their distribution patterns. The research findings provide important theoretical guidance for optimizing the RTM molding process parameters for intelligent composite materials.