# Morphology-Based Evaluation of Pollen Fertility and Storage Characteristics in Male Actinidia arguta Germplasm

## TL;DR

This study evaluates male kiwiberry plants to identify those with the best pollen fertility and storage traits for better pollination and crop yields.

## Contribution

The study introduces a morphology-based method to evaluate and recommend superior male Actinidia arguta germplasm for pollination.

## Key findings

- Three male germplasms ('Lvwang', 'TL20083', and 'TG06023') showed pollen germination rates over 90%.
- Pollen stored at −80 °C maintained high germination rates, with 'Lvwang' retaining 97.40% after 12 months.
- High-fertility pollen grains had distinct morphological features like prolate shapes and clean surfaces.

## Abstract

Actinidia arguta is a dioecious plant, and the selection of superior male germplasm is crucial for ensuring effective pollination of female cultivars, maximizing their economic traits, and achieving high-quality yields. This study evaluated 30 male germplasms for pollen quantity, germination capacity, storage characteristics, and ultrastructural features. Results revealed significant variation in pollen germination rates (1.56–96.57%) among germplasms, with ‘Lvwang’, ‘TL20083’, and ‘TG06023’ performing best (all >90% germination). The storage characteristics study demonstrated that −80 °C is the optimal temperature for long-term pollen storage in A. arguta. Significant variations were observed in storage tolerance among different germplasms. Among them, Lvwang exhibited the best performance, maintaining a germination rate of 97.40% after 12 months of storage at −80 °C with no significant difference from the initial value, followed by TT07063. Pollen morphology was closely correlated with fertility. High-fertility pollen grains typically exhibited standard prolate or ultra-prolate shapes, featuring a tri-lobed polar view and an elliptical equatorial view, with neat germination furrows and clean surfaces. In contrast, low-fertility pollen grains frequently appeared shrunken and deformed, with widened germination furrows and visible exudates. Based on these findings, the following recommendations are proposed: ① Prioritize the use of germplasms with pollen germination rates >80% as pollinizers; ② Establish a rapid screening system based on pollen morphological characteristics. This study provides important scientific basis for both male germplasm selection and efficient cultivation practices in A. arguta (kiwiberry).