# Evaluation of Hardfacing Layers Applied by FCAW-S on S355MC Steel and Their Influence on Its Mechanical Properties

## TL;DR

This study examines how hardfacing layers applied via FCAW-S affect the mechanical properties of S355MC steel, revealing a trade-off between wear resistance and structural strength.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a detailed evaluation of FCAW-S hardfacing effects on S355MC steel using 3D scanning and digital image correlation.

## Key findings

- Welded configurations showed reduced tensile strength and ductility compared to base material.
- A second weld layer increased mechanical degradation, while orientation affected performance.
- Welding defects and residual stresses were identified as causes of property loss.

## Abstract

Enhancing the wear resistance of structural steels used in demanding industrial applications is critical for extending components’ lifespan and ensuring mechanical reliability. In this study, we investigated the influence of flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) hardfacing on the tensile behavior of S355MC steel. Protective Fe-Cr-C alloy layers were deposited in one and two successive passes using automated FCAW, followed by tensile testing of specimens oriented at varying angles relative to the weld bead direction. The methodology integrated 3D scanning and digital image correlation to accurately capture geometric and deformation parameters. The experimental results revealed a consistent reduction in tensile strength and ductility in all the welded configurations compared to the base material. The application of the second weld layer further intensified this effect, while specimen orientation influenced the degree of mechanical degradation. Microstructural analysis confirmed carbide refinement and good adhesion, but also identified welding-induced defects and residual stresses as factors that contributed to performance loss. The findings highlight a clear trade-off between improved surface wear resistance and compromised structural properties, underscoring the importance of process optimization. Strategic selection of welding parameters and bead orientation is essential to balance functional durability with mechanical integrity in industrial applications.