# A Novel Glucosamine-Based Cannabidiol Complex Based on Intermolecular Bonding with Improved Water Solubility

**Authors:** Mitja Križman, Jure Zekič, Primož Šket, Alojz Anžlovar, Barbara Zupančič, Jože Grdadolnik

PMC · DOI: 10.3390/molecules30153179 · Molecules · 2025-07-29

## TL;DR

Researchers created a new water-soluble form of cannabidiol (CBD) by bonding it with glucosamine, which could improve its effectiveness in biological and clinical applications.

## Contribution

A novel, patented water-soluble CBD complex was developed using intermolecular bonding with glucosamine.

## Key findings

- The CBD-glucosamine complex has significantly higher water solubility than conventional CBD.
- The complex shows lower permeability through lipophilic membranes and reduced membrane mass retention.
- It achieves an equilibrium concentration four times higher than normal CBD.

## Abstract

In this study, a new, patented form of a water-soluble cannabidiol (CBD) complex was synthesised and tested. The formation of the complex is based on the interactions, presumably through hydrogen bonding, between cannabidiol and glucosamine, the latter contributing significantly to the increased hydrophilicity. The complex was characterised by chromatography, thermal analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and permeability tests. This complex has a substantially higher water solubility than normal CBD. Permeability tests indicate that it has almost five times lower permeability through lipophilic membranes and less than half the membrane mass retention of conventional CBD. At the same time, its equilibrium concentration is almost four times higher than that of normal CBD. These results suggest that this new form of CBD is a promising candidate for future biological and clinical studies, as it offers improved bioavailability and biodistribution.

## Linked entities

- **Chemicals:** cannabidiol (PubChem CID 644019), glucosamine (PubChem CID 439213)

## Full-text entities

- **Chemicals:** Water (MESH:D014867), Glucosamine (MESH:D005944), CBD (MESH:D002185)

## Full text

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## Figures

8 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12348863/full.md

## References

40 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12348863/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12348863