Genomic and Cytotoxic Damage in Wistar Rats and Their Newborns After Transplacental Exposure to Hibiscus sabdariffa Hydroalcoholic Extract

TL;DR

This study examines the effects of a Hibiscus sabdariffa extract on pregnant rats and their offspring, finding potential cytotoxic and genotoxic risks.

Contribution

The study evaluates the transplacental effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract on maternal and neonatal health using genotoxic and cytotoxic assays.

Findings

EHHs caused myelosuppression and increased MDA levels in mothers' serum, liver, and kidneys.

Newborns showed genotoxicity and elevated MDA levels in liver, kidneys, brain, and muscle tissues.

The findings suggest potential safety concerns for Hs use during pregnancy.

Abstract

Hibiscus sabdariffa (Hs) is a tropical plant with a wide range of therapeutic properties; however, few studies have evaluated its potential adverse effects. In the present study, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Hs (EHHs) dried calyces administered during gestation were assessed in Wistar rats and their newborns using the micronucleus assay in peripheral blood and the quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) in various tissues. Three different doses of EHHs (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/Kg) were administered orally to five pregnant Wistar rats per group during the final days of gestation (days 16–20). Blood samples were collected every 24 h during the last six days of gestation and from the neonates at birth, along with tissue samples for MDA quantification. EHHs induced myelosuppression in the mothers and genotoxicity in their newborns, as well as cytotoxicity, evidenced by increased MDA levels in serum, liver, and kidneys of the mothers, and in the liver, kidneys, brain, and muscle tissues of the neonates. These findings provide important insights into the safety profile of Hs, and its use is therefore recommended only under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional.

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