# Reconstructing the Gait Pattern of a Korean Cadaver with Bilateral Lower Limb Asymmetry Using a Virtual Humanoid Modeling Program

## TL;DR

This study uses a virtual humanoid model to analyze how leg bone asymmetry affects walking patterns in a Korean cadaver.

## Contribution

The novel use of a virtual humanoid modeling program to reconstruct gait patterns in asymmetric lower limbs.

## Key findings

- Left lower limb bones were shorter and narrower than the right by 39-42 mm.
- Unbalanced gait models showed compensatory overuse of the left limb and leftward veering.
- Learned models partially normalized gait but still had compromised directional control.

## Abstract

Background and Objective: This study presents a combined osteometric and biomechanical analysis of a Korean female cadaver exhibiting bilateral lower limb bone asymmetry with abnormal curvature and callus formation on the left femoral midshaft. Methods: To investigate bilateral bone length differences, osteometric measurements were conducted at standardized landmarks. Additionally, we developed three gait models using Meta Motivo, an open-source reinforcement learning platform, to analyze how skeletal asymmetry influences stride dynamics and directional control. Results: Detailed measurements revealed that the left lower limb bones were consistently shorter and narrower than their right counterparts. The calculated lower limb lengths showed a bilateral discrepancy ranging from 39 mm to 42 mm—specifically a 6 mm difference in the femur, 33 mm in the tibia, and 36 mm in the fibula. In the gait pattern analysis, the normal model exhibited a straight-line gait without lateral deviation. In contrast, the unbalanced, non-learned model demonstrated compensatory overuse and increased stride length of the left lower limb and a tendency to veer leftward. The unbalanced, learned model showed partial gait normalization, characterized by reduced limb dominance and improved right stride, although directional control remained compromised. Conclusions: This integrative approach highlights the biomechanical consequences of lower limb bone discrepancy and demonstrates the utility of virtual agent-based modeling in elucidating compensatory gait adaptations.