# Addressing family communication in genetic counseling: A scoping review of process studies

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how genetic counselors address family communication about genetic information, finding that practices vary and are influenced by context.

## Contribution

The study is the first scoping review to examine how family communication is addressed in genetic counseling process studies.

## Key findings

- Genetic healthcare professionals address family communication with patients, but their practices are heterogeneous.
- Common practices include providing guidance, materials, psychosocial assessment, and additional support.
- The approach to family communication combines teaching and counseling models, with a stronger emphasis on teaching.

## Abstract

Process studies explore the content and dynamics established during genetic counseling (GC), allowing a greater understanding of what happens. No literature review has specifically examined how family communication of genetic information has been addressed in GC process studies. To fill this gap, a scoping review was conducted. Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycInfo were searched, resulting in 21 articles for analysis. Most studies were retrospective (n = 19) and qualitative (n = 15) and involved hereditary cancer syndromes (n = 13). Studies analyzed how family communication of genetic information is addressed in GC by either focusing on patients' experiences and perspectives, or genetic healthcare professionals' (GHP) roles and scope of practice. All studies reported that GHP address family communication with patients, but their practices were heterogeneous and influenced by contextual factors. Practices to address family communication included providing guidance to inform the family (n = 19), materials to support communication (n = 16), psychosocial assessment (n = 11), and additional support (n = 18). Our findings suggest that the approach to family communication in GC draws on both teaching and counseling models, although with greater emphasis on the former. This is consistent with integrated models of GC. Future prospective process studies using observational data could enhance our understanding of patient‐professional interactions and their influence on patient decision‐making regarding family communication of genetic information.