Breaking down biofilms across critical priority fungal pathogens: proteomics and computational innovation for mechanistic insights and new target discovery

TL;DR

This paper reviews how proteomics and computational tools can help discover new antifungal drugs to combat deadly fungal biofilms.

Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive review of proteomics and computational approaches for understanding and targeting fungal biofilms.

Findings

Fungal biofilms are linked to severe infections and drug resistance.

Proteomics and computational methods offer new ways to identify biofilm targets.

Recent applications have revealed mechanisms of biofilm formation and potential drug targets.

Abstract

Fungal biofilms are complex microbial structures associated with persistent and progressive infections, such as cryptococcal meningitis, invasive aspergillosis, and invasive candidiasis, leading to thousands of deaths annually. The prevalence of fungal biofilm formation during infections, with its heightened resistance to antifungal drugs, highlights the urgency for the discovery and development of new antifungals with antibiofilm activity. Current advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics and computational platforms provide a powerful toolkit to accelerate drug discovery from target identification to optimization of a lead molecule. In this review, we highlight fungal biofilms of four critical priority fungal pathogens (as deemed by the World Health Organization) and define important technological considerations for proteomics and computational methodologies. Additionally, we explore recent proteomics and computational applications within fungal biofilms for the identification and elucidation of biological mechanisms underscoring biofilm formation as well as the discovery of novel putative antibiofilm targets.

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