# Further insights into maternal and paternal human histories in southern Iberia

## TL;DR

This study explores the genetic diversity of southern Iberian populations, revealing distinct maternal and paternal histories shaped by European, African, and Middle Eastern ancestry.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into the differing demographic histories of males and females in Andalusia through combined maternal and paternal genetic data.

## Key findings

- Andalusian genetic ancestry is primarily composed of European, African, and Middle Eastern origins.
- Over 45% of males show non-correspondence between maternal and paternal haplogroup origins.
- mtDNA diversity is higher than Y chromosome diversity, possibly due to patrilocality and social structures.

## Abstract

Human genetic structure of Iberian populations has been thoroughly explored in the last decades. The internal diversity of the Iberian Peninsula becomes visible by the different phylogeographic origins of particular mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome lineages, which show a high degree of population specificity. In the present study, we combined information on matrilineal and patrilineal variation patterns in two autochthonous populations from Andalusia region (southern Spain). A special focus is made to a male sample set where both uniparental data are available. Gene diversities estimates yielded not statistically significant differences between both types of samples and markers. Genetic ancestry among Andalusians seems to be constituted by three foremost continental origins: European, African, and Middle Eastern. The examined male group has revealed a noticeable proportion of individuals (over 45%) with a non-correspondence between maternal and paternal haplogroup origins, a signal of different population demographic histories linked to both sexes in the past. Andalusian males seem to be well differentiated according to ancestries. As expected, mtDNA diversity was much higher than that for the Y chromosome, a fact that can be caused by patrilocality, which leads to particular social structures with effects on haploid genomes in modern human populations.