Adaptive differential current relay based on form/ripple factors for busbar current signals
R. A. Mahmoud
TL;DR
This paper introduces a new adaptive differential relay that improves power system protection by adjusting to current transformer saturation and fault types.
Contribution
The novel algorithm uses form and ripple factors to adaptively differentiate between internal and external faults, even with CT saturation.
Findings
The proposed algorithm achieves over 99.40% accuracy, dependability, security, and reliability in fault detection.
It can detect and assess CT saturation conditions and identify which feeder CT is saturated.
The response time for internal faults is approximately 10.0 ms, ensuring fast and reliable protection.
Abstract
This paper presents an adaptive protection algorithm that adjusts the tripping characteristics of the differential relaying schemes in response to changes in CT saturation levels and DC component content of fault currents. Moreover, the main protection function differentiates between internal and external faults with or without CT saturation. This is accomplished by estimating the appropriate tripping characteristic slope using form and ripple factors calculated for the current signals measured at the entering and exiting terminals of the protected equipment. The modified approach aims to achieve automatic resetting to inhibit the relay operation during external faults and to avoid any delay or restriction of the relay operation during severe internal faults due to the presence of harmonics. Numerous cases, including various types of internal and external faults with or without CTs…
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Taxonomy
TopicsPower Systems Fault Detection · Islanding Detection in Power Systems · HVDC Systems and Fault Protection