# TB co-infection and associated factors among HIV patients attending highly active antiretroviral therapy in Saint Peter's TB Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: a five years retrospective study

## TL;DR

This study found that nearly a quarter of HIV patients in Ethiopia had TB co-infection, with non-adherence to treatment and advanced HIV stages being key risk factors.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific risk factors for TB co-infection among HIV patients in Ethiopia using a five-year retrospective analysis.

## Key findings

- 24.6% of HIV patients had TB co-infection, with pulmonary TB being the most common type.
- Non-adherence to ART and WHO clinical stage IV were strongly associated with TB/HIV co-infection.
- Longer HAART duration was linked to a lower risk of TB co-infection.

## Abstract

TB and HIV are the two widely distributed and successful microbial diseases which impose public health problems globally.

The study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of TB among people living with HIV (PLHIV).

A retrospective study was conducted among PLHIV at Saint Peter's TB Specialized Hospital (SPTSH). Study participants were selected by random sampling technique. Logistic regression analyses were employed to determine the associations between dependent and independent variables. P ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

The prevalence of TB among PLHIV in the entire study population was 24.6%. The proportion of pulmonary TB (PTB), disseminated TB (DTB) and extra pulmonary TB (EPTB), were 49 (57.6%), 9 (10.6%) and 27 (31.8%), respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that PLHIV who are non-adhered to ART (AOR = 51.6, 95% CI 24.18 - 387), HAART duration of > 35 months (AOR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.198 - 2.10) and WHO clinical stage IV (AOR = 40.14, 95% CI15.14 - 106.44), were significantly associated with TB/HIV co-infection.

TB co-infection is the major public health issue of PLHIV. Special emphasis is required to reduce the incidence of TB/HIV associated morbidity and mortality among PLHIV