# RANKL, OPG, and CTS‐K Release in Bone Response to Immediate Nonfunctional Loading of a Single Implant in Mandibular Molar Sites During Osseointegration Establishment

## TL;DR

The study found that immediate restoration of dental implants is linked to higher cytokine activity, which may speed up bone integration.

## Contribution

This study provides evidence that immediate nonfunctional loading of implants correlates with increased cytokine release during osseointegration.

## Key findings

- Cytokine levels were higher in the immediate restoration group during osseointegration.
- Cytokine levels in the conventional group changed during functional loading but not between groups.
- Active cytokine release may correlate with faster osseointegration under immediate restoration.

## Abstract

To verify that osseointegration maturation under immediate restoration is correlative with active release of cytokines.

The participants needing the restoration of a single missing mandibular molar were randomized into immediate restoration (IR) and conventional restoration group (CR). All eligible patients were recalled for collecting peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) samples according to the scheduled follow‐up time point during osseointegration and functional loading. Detection of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐KB ligand, osteoprotegerin, and cathepsin K in PICF was conducted to statistically analyze their difference between IR and CR groups.

During the osseointegration period, the overall level of these cytokines in the IR group was statistically higher than that of the corresponding cytokine in the CR group. During functional loading, the overall level of the each cytokine in CR was statistically different from that of the corresponding cytokine during osseointegration, but the overall level of each cytokine was not statistically different between the two groups.

The rapid osseointegration maturation under immediate restoration is probably correlative with active release of cytokines related with bone metabolism.