# Elimination of cells with local mismatch in differentiation timing contributes to synchronize tissue development

## TL;DR

Cells that develop out of sync with their neighbors are sorted out and eliminated to maintain synchronized tissue development in fruit flies.

## Contribution

The study reveals a novel mechanism where desynchronized cells are eliminated to correct local heterochrony during tissue development.

## Key findings

- Heterochronous cells sort out from normally timed neighbors due to changes in junctions and mechanics.
- Local heterochrony leads to cell elimination via apoptosis.
- Acto-myosin is enriched at the interface of mismatched cells.

## Abstract

During animal development, cells communicate to ensure tissue-wide synchronization of differentiation. While several mechanisms contributing to cell coordination have been described, whether additional mechanisms are at play should cells locally desynchronize remains unknown. Here, we investigate the responses to experimentally induced desynchronized cells during Drosophila epidermis development. We report that cells that behave as if they were “too young” or “too old”, collectively referred to as heterochronous cells, sort out from their normally timed neighbors. Cell sorting is associated with alterations of junctions, cytoskeleton, and cell mechanics. Moreover, local heterochrony ultimately leads to cell elimination. Importantly, we find that some cells naturally undergo either premature or delayed differentiation during development and are similarly eliminated from the tissue. These results show that local imbalance in differentiation timing affects both cell interactions and mechanics, leading to cell sorting, and elimination as a way to correct local heterochrony and safeguard the synchrony of epithelium differentiation.

•Some cells accidentally loose differentiation synchrony along epidermal development•Heterochronic cells remodel their junctions and mechanics, leading to cell sorting•Acto-myosin is bilaterally enriched at the interface of cells with mismatched timing•Heterochronic cells and their direct normal neighbors are eliminated by apoptosis

Some cells accidentally loose differentiation synchrony along epidermal development

Heterochronic cells remodel their junctions and mechanics, leading to cell sorting

Acto-myosin is bilaterally enriched at the interface of cells with mismatched timing

Heterochronic cells and their direct normal neighbors are eliminated by apoptosis

Cell biology; Developmental biology