# Semiconductor NbSe2 nanoparticles synthesized at various temperatures: a novel promising antifungal candidate with in vitro wound healing potential

## TL;DR

This study shows that niobium diselenide nanoparticles made at different temperatures have varying abilities to heal wounds and fight fungi, with room temperature samples performing best.

## Contribution

The study introduces temperature-controlled synthesis of NbSe2 nanoparticles with promising antifungal and wound healing properties.

## Key findings

- RT-synthesized NbSe2 nanoparticles showed 94.78% wound closure at 0.5 μg mL−1.
- RT nanoparticles exhibited highest antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger.
- Synthesis temperature significantly affects nanoparticle crystallinity, size, and bioactivity.

## Abstract

This study reports the synthesis of niobium diselenide (NbSe2) nanoparticles at room temperature (RT), 70 °C, and 100 °C via a sonochemical method, followed by an assessment of their structural, morphological, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and wound healing properties. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed changes in the crystallinity, size, and morphology of the nanoparticles as a function of synthesis temperature. The sample synthesized at 70 °C exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against HaCaT cells, while those synthesized at RT and 100 °C showed moderate and low cytotoxicity, respectively. Antimicrobial properties varied: the RT nanoparticles showed the highest inhibition against Aspergillus niger, while the 100 °C nanoparticles demonstrated some inhibition against Candida albicans. Wound healing assays revealed that the RT synthesized nanoparticles promoted the highest wound closure (94.78%) at a concentration of 0.5 μg mL−1. These results highlight the influence of synthesis temperature on the biological properties of NbSe2 nanoparticles, suggesting their potential for therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine, with the RT sample showing the most promising outcomes.

NbSe2 nanoparticles synthesized at RT, 70 °C, and 100 °C via sonochemical method show temperature-dependent bioactivity. RT sample exhibits best wound healing (94.78%) with minimal cytotoxicity, highlighting potential for regenerative medicine.