# Validation of a freely distributable software for the analysis of electrophysiological signals: Smart Tools for Evoked Potentials (STEP)

**Authors:** Kelly Cristina Lira de Andrade, Aline Tenório Lins Carnaúba, Carlos Henrique Alves Batista, Danielle Cavalcante Ferreira, Raí Fernandes Santos, Raquel da Silva Cabral, Pedro de Lemos Menezes, Kelly Cristina Lira de Andrade, Aline Tenório Lins Carnaúba, Carlos Henrique Alves Batista, Danielle Cavalcante Ferreira, Raí Fernandes Santos, Raquel da Silva Cabral, Pedro de Lemos Menezes

PMC · DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/e20240265en · CoDAS · 2025-08-08

## TL;DR

This paper validates STEP, a software tool for analyzing electrophysiological signals, showing it is as accurate as existing tools.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is the validation of STEP as a freely distributable, accurate tool for electrophysiological signal analysis.

## Key findings

- STEP showed high accuracy in identifying latencies and amplitudes of electrophysiological waveforms.
- No statistically significant differences were found between STEP and gold-standard systems.
- STEP successfully performed additional analyses like P1N1 area calculation, slope estimation, and FFT.

## Abstract

This study aimed to validate the STEP, an application developed for the analysis of various auditory and vestibular electrophysiological signals. The STEP was designed to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of latency and amplitude analysis, as well as other waveform morphological features such as calculation of area, slope, and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).

The methodology was structured into two phases: one involving simulated waveforms and the other based on experimental data. In the first phase, waveforms were generated using mathematical functions, and their features were marked and analyzed both by trained examiners and by the STEP application. In the second phase, the STEP was tested using real electrophysiological recordings, with latency and amplitude values compared across STEP and two established gold-standard systems.

The results demonstrated high accuracy of STEP in both manual and automatic peak and trough markings, as well as in subsequent calculations. No statistically significant differences were found among the evaluated systems, nor between the examiners.

The STEP proved to be a reliable tool for identifying latencies and amplitudes of electrophysiological waveforms and for performing additional analyses, including P1N1 area calculation, slope estimation, and FFT analysis.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo validar a ferramenta STEP, um aplicativo desenvolvido para a análise dos diversos sinais eletrofisiológicos auditivos e vestibulares. O STEP foi projetado para fornecer maior precisão e eficiência na análise de latências, amplitudes, e outras características morfológicas das ondas, como cálculo da área, slope e transformada rápida de Fourier.

A metodologia foi dividida em duas etapas, uma comparou traçados simulados e outra dados experimentais. Na primeira etapa, foram geradas ondas por meio de funções matemáticas e suas características foram marcadas e analisadas por examinadores humanos e pelo próprio aplicativo. Na segunda etapa, o STEP foi testado em exames eletrofisiológicos reais, comparando-se as latências e amplitudes das ondas entre o aplicativo em questão e outros dois sistemas padrão ouro.

Os resultados demonstraram alta precisão do STEP, tanto na marcação manual quanto automática dos picos e vales, e nos cálculos subsequentes. Foi observado, ainda, que não há diferenças significativas entre os sistemas utilizados. Também não foram encontradas diferenças entre os examinadores.

o STEP é uma ferramenta precisa para a realização da marcação das latências e amplitudes das ondas dos potenciais eletrofisiológicos, bem como para a realização dos cálculos da área P1N1, do slope e da transformada rápida de Fourier.

## Full-text entities

- **Diseases:** hearing impairment (MESH:D034381), II (MESH:C537730), diferenca media absoluta (MESH:D010033), MAD (MESH:D010262), FFT (MESH:D007003), PEATE (MESH:D005862), STEP (MESH:D005547)
- **Chemicals:** calcium (MESH:D002118), TEMPO (MESH:C003959), onda A (-)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Full text

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## Figures

3 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12337715/full.md

## References

20 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12337715/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12337715