# Clinical characteristics of germline mutations in patients with myelodysplastic neoplasms

**Authors:** 晓珍 刘, 喻堤 张, 灵旭 蒋, 琛 梅, 丽 叶, 丽亚 马, 歆平 周, 红艳 佟

PMC · DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121090-20250109-00021 · Chinese Journal of Hematology · 2025-06-01

## TL;DR

This study examines the clinical features of germline mutations in myelodysplastic neoplasm patients and finds that germline mutations are most common in younger patients and associated with specific blood markers.

## Contribution

The study identifies germline mutation patterns in MDS patients and highlights unique clinical features associated with DDX41 mutations.

## Key findings

- Germline mutation detection rate in MDS patients is 5.9%, highest in the 21–30 age group.
- DDX41 is the most common germline mutation gene, associated with lower WBC and larger MCV.
- Germline mutations do not significantly affect overall survival in MDS patients.

## Abstract

研究携带胚系突变的骨髓增生异常肿瘤（MDS）患者的临床特征，并探讨胚系突变的预后评估价值。

收集2021年1月至2024年9月浙江大学医学院附属第一医院确诊的407例MDS患者的临床资料，男252例，女155例，中位年龄64（19～85）岁；分析携带胚系突变患者的临床特征，并探索胚系突变的预后评估价值。

MDS患者中胚系突变检出率为5.9％（24/407），在21～30岁年龄段患者中检出率最高（20.0％）。检出的胚系突变基因包括：DDX41 9例（2.2％），TP53 3例（0.7％），RUNX1、TET2、MPL、CBL、ATRX、CEBPA、ETV6、IDH1、KDM5C、SBDS、GNAS、CTC1各1例。与未携带胚系突变患者相比，携带胚系突变患者突出表现为外周血WBC更低（1.87×109/L对2.50×109/L，P＝0.018），两者总生存期差异无统计学意义（21.3个月对21.1个月，P＝0.97）。相较于携带其他胚系突变的患者，携带DDX41胚系突变的患者中位年龄更大（65岁对54岁，P＝0.010），WBC更低（1.51×109/L对2.31×109/L，P＝0.040），平均红细胞体积更大（111.80 fl对97.25 fl，P＝0.003），正常核型比例更高（100.0％对53.3％，P＝0.022）。携带DDX41胚系突变患者最常见合并的体细胞突变为ASXL1、TET2及RUNX1。

本研究中MDS患者胚系突变检出率为5.9％，以21～30岁年龄段检出率最高。最常见的胚系突变基因为DDX41和TP53。携带DDX41胚系突变的MDS患者有相对独特的临床特征。是否携带胚系突变与预后未见相关性。

## Linked entities

- **Genes:** DDX41 (DEAD-box helicase 41) [NCBI Gene 51428], TP53 (tumor protein p53) [NCBI Gene 7157], RUNX1 (RUNX family transcription factor 1) [NCBI Gene 861], TET2 (tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2) [NCBI Gene 54790], MPL (MPL proto-oncogene, thrombopoietin receptor) [NCBI Gene 4352], CBL (Cbl proto-oncogene) [NCBI Gene 867], ATRX (ATRX chromatin remodeler) [NCBI Gene 546], CEBPA (CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha) [NCBI Gene 1050], ETV6 (ETS variant transcription factor 6) [NCBI Gene 2120], IDH1 (isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1) [NCBI Gene 3417], KDM5C (lysine demethylase 5C) [NCBI Gene 8242], SBDS (SBDS ribosome maturation factor) [NCBI Gene 51119], GNAS (GNAS complex locus) [NCBI Gene 2778], CTC1 (CST telomere replication complex component 1) [NCBI Gene 80169], ASXL1 (ASXL transcriptional regulator 1) [NCBI Gene 171023]

## Full text

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## Figures

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## References

30 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12337216/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12337216