# Fluid interaction study: Hydrodynamic robot (FISHR) — Expansion of bioinspired soft robotic fish

**Authors:** Montana Ligman, Kioumars A. Rezaie, Ramya Shah, Chris Keeter, Bryson Sutterfield, Mirjam Fürth

PMC · DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00674 · HardwareX · 2025-07-16

## TL;DR

Researchers improved an open-source soft robotic fish to enhance its design and enable autonomous operation.

## Contribution

The paper presents a redesigned soft robotic fish with simplified construction and waterproofing solutions.

## Key findings

- Modifications to the fish hull and internal components improved construction and waterproofing.
- The updated design supports the development of an autonomous soft robotic fish.
- Detailed hardware implementation and customization options are provided.

## Abstract

We introduce an enhanced iteration of OpenFish, a previously developed open-source soft robotic fish. The original model, developed at Delft University of Technology, successfully emulated thunniform swimming through a unique propulsion system utilizing both active and passive tail segments. This design aimed to optimize speed and efficiency while fostering future advancements in soft robotic fish research. To further enhance OpenFish, we undertook a redesign process, making modifications to the fish hull and internal components. These changes aimed to simplify construction, address waterproofing issues, and facilitate the development of an autonomous version of the fish. Our work encompasses an updated description of the construction process, customization options, and detailed insights into hardware implementation, including waterproofing techniques for the soft robotic fish.

## Full-text entities

- **Chemicals:** Gasket (-), Carbon (MESH:D002244), Silicone (MESH:D012828), polyurethane (MESH:D011140), nylon (MESH:D009757), PLA (MESH:C033616), water (MESH:D014867), iron (MESH:D007501)
- **Species:** Actinopterygii (fishes, superclass) [taxon 7898], Gorilla (genus) [taxon 9592]

## Full text

_Full body text omitted from this summary view._ Fetch the complete paper as Markdown: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12336804/full.md

## Figures

30 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12336804/full.md

## References

18 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12336804/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12336804