# Prevalence and Predictors of Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids Among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India

## TL;DR

This study examines how often healthcare workers in a hospital in Eastern India are exposed to blood and body fluids and what factors influence these exposures.

## Contribution

The study provides new data on occupational exposure prevalence and predictors in Bihar, India, where such information is scarce.

## Key findings

- About 22% of healthcare workers reported occupational exposure to blood and body fluids.
- Needle stick injuries were the most common exposure type, and universal precautions significantly reduced exposure risk.

## Abstract

Background

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at an increased risk of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids (BBFs), leading to transmission of blood-borne infections. Despite global data, limited information is available regarding the prevalence and predictors of such exposures in Bihar, India.

Methods

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 HCWs, including resident doctors, MBBS interns, nursing staff, and paramedical staff, at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, from January to October 2021. Stratified random sampling was used. Data were collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and logistic regression were employed for analysis. Statistical significance was set at a p-value less than 0.05.

Results

The mean age of participants was 27 years, with 52% being female. About 22% reported at least one occupational exposure to BBFs during their duty at AIIMS Patna, and 16.4% experienced exposure in the past year. Needle stick injuries (47.3%) were the most common mode of exposure. Two-thirds of participants were fully vaccinated against hepatitis B. Following universal precautions significantly reduced the odds of exposure (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.19, 95% CI: 0.09-0.40). Higher knowledge and awareness scores were also protective (AOR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01-0.58).

Conclusion

Occupational exposures to BBFs remain a considerable risk among HCWs. Promoting universal precaution practices, enhancing knowledge and awareness, and ensuring complete hepatitis B vaccination coverage are crucial for minimizing such risks.