# A lung cancer nurse specialist conceptual model of practice: a mixed methods study

## TL;DR

This study creates a model outlining the key functions of lung cancer nurse specialists based on input from patients, carers, and specialists.

## Contribution

A novel conceptual model of practice for lung cancer nurse specialists, validated through mixed methods and stakeholder input.

## Key findings

- Six key functions of LCNSs were identified: person-centred care, dependable accessibility, individualised information provision, professionalism, specialist nurse, and coordinator.
- Person-centred care was highly rated by all groups, while LCNSs prioritized professionalism over other functions.
- Including carers in person-centred care and providing LCNS-specific training were emphasized as important outcomes.

## Abstract

To identify and conceptualise the functions of the Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist (LCNS) role as reported by individuals with lung cancer, their carers, and LCNSs. Presented as a model of practice for the LCNS that strengthens evidence surrounding the LCNS role and optimises meeting the needs of people with lung cancer and their carers.

A mixed methods approach using Group Concept Mapping (GCM) was employed. GCM is a participatory approach that includes sequential qualitative brainstorming and quantitative analysis using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis. Forty-six participants completed the brainstorming data collection, and 18 completed the sorting and rating data collection. Participants were people with lung cancer, their carers, and practicing LCNSs from Australia.

A conceptual model of practice was developed identifying six key functions: person-centred care, dependable accessibility, individualised information provision, professionalism, specialist nurse, and coordinator. All participant groups (people with lung cancer, carers, LCNSs) rated person-centred care highly, with nuanced differences amongst the other functions. People with lung cancer and carers rated dependable accessibility and individualised information provision highly, while LCNSs prioritised professionalism.

The conceptual model developed highlights the importance of person-centred care, individualised information provision, dependable accessibility, and professionalism. The importance of including carers in person-centred care is emphasised, and the need for specialist lung cancer nurse-specific training and education. This Model of Practice captures the work of LCNSs that aid in improving the outcomes for those impacted by lung cancer.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00520-025-09833-8.