# Biomimetic model for computing missing data imputation and inconsistency reduction in pairwise comparisons matrices

**Authors:** Waldemar W. Koczkodaj, Witold Pedrycz, Alexander Pigazzini, Laura P. Pigazzini

PMC · DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0329171 · PLOS One · 2025-08-07

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a biomimetic model that fills in missing data and reduces inconsistencies in pairwise comparison matrices, inspired by biological processes.

## Contribution

The novelty lies in using a biomimetic approach with three biological-inspired phases for imputation and inconsistency reduction.

## Key findings

- The biomimetic model reliably converges to a consistent solution.
- The method effectively identifies and repairs inconsistencies in pairwise comparisons.
- The algorithm successfully fills in missing data through an iterative process.

## Abstract

A biomimetic model is presented to compute missing data imputation and reduce inconsistencies in pairwise comparisons matrices. The proposed regeneration method emulates three primary phases of a biological process: identifying the most damaged areas (by identifying inconsistencies in the pairwise comparison matrix), cell proliferation (filling in missing data), and stabilization (optimization of global consistency). An iterative algorithm is employed to correct inconsistencies and compute missing data imputations within the pairwise comparison matrix. The results demonstrate that the biomimetic approach is robust and reliably converges to a consistent solution.

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** IGKV6D-41 (immunoglobulin kappa variable 6D-41 (non-functional)) [NCBI Gene 28869] {aka A14}, PC (pyruvate carboxylase) [NCBI Gene 5091] {aka PCB}
- **Diseases:** inflammation (MESH:D007249), autism (MESH:D001321), sepsis (MESH:D018805)
- **Chemicals:** p (MESH:D010758), PC (-)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090]

## Full text

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## Figures

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## References

36 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12331097/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12331097