Facilitators and barriers to community-based HIV testing in Guinea: a CFIR-based implementation analysis

TL;DR

This study explores what helps and hinders community-based HIV testing in Guinea, aiming to improve access and effectiveness in a region with high undiagnosed HIV rates.

Contribution

The study applies the CFIR framework to analyze community-based HIV testing in Guinea, identifying context-specific facilitators and barriers.

Findings

Home-based testing improves access by reducing financial and logistical barriers.

Stock shortages, confidentiality concerns, and lack of training hinder testing effectiveness.

Strengthening resource supply and stakeholder coordination is critical for sustainability.

Abstract

In Guinea, where 36% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) are unaware of their serostatus, innovative screening strategies are crucial to achieving the joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS’ 95–95-95 targets. Community-based HIV testing, as recommended by the World Health Organization, aims to reach at-risk populations by leveraging local resources and actors. Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), this study assessed facilitators and barriers to implementing community-based HIV screening across 10 pilot sites in Guinea, with the goal to optimizing its effectiveness.

This qualitative descriptive study applied the CFIR framework to identify factors influencing the implementation of community-based HIV screening and capture the nuanced perspectives of stakeholders. Overall, 28 in-depth interviews were conducted with key participants, including PLHIV, health workers, community-based actors, and members of the national coordination teams.

Home-based testing was identified as a key facilitator for improving access to healthcare by reducing financial and logistical barriers. However, several barriers hindered its effectiveness, including frequent stock shortages, concerns about confidentiality and stigma, insufficient training and incentives for community counselors, and the absence of clear protocols defining the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders.

The findings emphasize the need to strengthen community-based HIV testing in Guinea by ensuring a consistent supply of essential resources, enhancing coordination among stakeholders, and providing adequate incentives for community counselors. Integrating this approach into national policies could enhance both its effectiveness and sustainability, offering actionable insights for adapting HIV testing strategies in similar resource-limited settings.

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