# Fuels Mediate the Influence of Climate Teleconnections on Wildfires in Dryland Ecosystems

## TL;DR

This study shows that in dryland regions like Australia, fuel conditions play a bigger role than immediate weather in linking climate patterns to wildfires.

## Contribution

The study identifies that fuel conditions mediate the delayed influence of climate teleconnections on wildfires in drylands, more so than immediate weather effects.

## Key findings

- Burned area is predictable by a single TCM in 25.4% of burnable regions globally.
- In dryland hotspots like Australia, fuel-related lagged effects outweigh immediate weather effects.
- Fuels are a key pathway for TCMs to influence wildfire activity in several regions.

## Abstract

Climate teleconnections modulate regional wildfire occurrence. Understanding the underlying mechanisms is critical for sub‐seasonal to annual wildfire predictions since the magnitude of certain teleconnection climate modes (TCMs) intensifies or they may undergo phase shifts. Here, we study how TCMs govern wildfire activity and compare the effects of weather and fuels in mediating the influence of TCMs on wildfires. Globally, burned area (BA) is predictable by a single TCM in 25.4% of the burnable (vegetated) regions, with Australia and eastern Siberia identified as the two hot spots with the highest probability out of a total of 10. Tropical oceans are the primary sources of teleconnection‐driven variability in global BA. Our study finds that in dryland hot spots such as Australia, the Horn of Africa, and the northern Middle East, the lagged mediating effects of fuels outweigh the immediate mediating effects of weather. Whereas in hot spots with dense vegetation, like northeastern South America and Southeast Asia, the immediate mediating effects of weather are generally more dominant. In other hot spots, fuels can still serve as a key pathway through which specific TCMs influence wildfire activity. This study highlights the important role of fuels in transmitting the delayed impacts of TCMs‐induced weather anomalies on regional wildfire activity. This study also underlines the importance of refining fuel management strategies and integrating fuel conditions in teleconnection‐related wildfire attribution and prediction frameworks, which is crucial given the projected changing patterns of teleconnections.

Climate teleconnections, such as those driven by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), modulate regional wildfire activity via the immediate mediating effect of weather and the delayed mediating effect of fuel. We show that in drylands such as Australia, the Horn of Africa, and the northern Middle East, the fuel‐related lagged effect plays a stronger role than the immediate weather effect. This study underscores the importance of integrating fuel conditions into wildfire attribution and prediction frameworks.