# Lucio’s Phenomenon in Hansen’s Disease: A Case Report of a Condition Not to Be Forgotten

## TL;DR

This case report highlights the rare and severe leprosy reaction known as Lucio’s phenomenon and its successful treatment with multidrug therapy and corticosteroids.

## Contribution

The paper presents a clinical case of Lucio’s phenomenon and emphasizes the effectiveness of combined multidrug therapy and corticosteroids in managing this rare leprosy reaction.

## Key findings

- Lucio’s phenomenon is a rare and severe leprosy reaction with extensive necrotic skin lesions and multisystem involvement.
- Combined multidrug therapy and systemic corticosteroids led to significant clinical improvement in the reported case.
- Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing leprosy-related reactions like Lucio’s phenomenon.

## Abstract

Leprosy is a chronic infectious and granulomatous disease that occurs predominantly in tropical regions, primarily affecting the skin, mucous membranes, and peripheral nervous system. It is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. It is characterized by hypopigmented lesions, sensory disturbances, absence of hair in the affected area, and anhidrosis, although some of these manifestations may not be initially present. Leprosy remains a public health challenge due to its wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and leprosy-related reactions. It is a potentially curable disease, especially since the introduction of multidrug therapy (MDT) as the standard treatment, provided that diagnosis and treatment are initiated early. Lucio’s phenomenon is a rare leprosy reaction characterized by extensive necrotic skin lesions and multisystem involvement, with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Its treatment remains challenging. Currently, the recommended therapy includes the initiation of MDT-comprising dapsone, clofazimine, and rifampicin-combined with systemic corticosteroids and specialized wound care. In cases of secondary bacterial infection, the use of antibiotics is advised based on local epidemiological data. We present the case of a patient with Lucio’s phenomenon who was treated with combined MDT and systemic corticosteroids, resulting in significant clinical improvement.