# Dose-dependent effects of testosterone on proteins related to nitric oxide signaling pathway and trophic factors in the spinal cord of adolescent trained rats

## TL;DR

This study examines how endurance training and testosterone affect proteins in the spinal cord of adolescent rats, focusing on nitric oxide signaling and trophic factors.

## Contribution

The study reveals dose-dependent effects of testosterone and endurance training on spinal cord proteins related to nitric oxide signaling and trophic factors in adolescent rats.

## Key findings

- High-dose testosterone increases NO signaling proteins but decreases trophic factors like BDNF and VEGF.
- Endurance training alone increases CGβ1, VEGF, and kinases like p-Akt but decreases p-p38 MAPK.
- Combining endurance training with high-dose testosterone enhances changes in nNOS, p-p38, and p-Akt protein levels.

## Abstract

Endurance training plays an important role in, for example, triathlon, marathon, or road cycling and in combination with strength training. Adolescence has been associated with increased interest among of young people, especially boys, in strength-related and endurance sports or body-building. Anabolic androgen steroid use is a public health threat. The present study aimed to estimate the effect of endurance training, two doses of testosterone, and the combination of these stimuli on the level and activity of proteins related to the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathways in the spinal cord in adolescent male rats.

Adult male Wistar rats were trained using a motor-driven treadmill for 6 weeks (40–60 min, 5 times per week) and/or were treated for 6 weeks with two doses of testosterone (i.m.; 8 mg/kg or 80 mg/kg body weight). At the end of the experiment, spinal cord samples were collected for further evaluation.

Major findings from the study are that a high dose of testosterone increases proteins related to the NO signaling pathway (eNOS, nNOS, CGβ1, PKC), but decreases trophic factors (BDNF, VEGF) and p-Akt. Endurance training by itself increases the spinal protein levels of CGβ1, VEGF, and kinases -p-Akt and PKC, but decreases kinase p-p38 MAPK; and the combination of endurance training and high doses of testosterone enhances changes in the protein level of nNOS, p-p38 and p-Akt. In conclusion, at least some of the effects of endurance training and testosterone may be related to the intensity of NO-related signal transmission and protein kinase systems.