Measuring Solvation Interactions of Deep Eutectic Solvents Formed by Metal Chlorides and an Imidazolium Salt by Inverse Gas Chromatography

TL;DR

This study uses inverse gas chromatography to measure how metal chloride-based deep eutectic solvents interact with solutes, revealing how their chemical composition affects solvation properties.

Contribution

A systematic analysis of solvation parameters in metal chloride-imidazolium salt DESs using inverse gas chromatography and the Abraham model.

Findings

Hydrogen bond acidity, basicity, and dipolarity/polarizability are strongly influenced by the type of metal chloride and molar ratio in the DES.

A column pretreatment method enables effective coating of highly polar DESs onto gas chromatography columns.

The Abraham solvation parameter model successfully characterizes the solvation behavior of Type I DESs.

Abstract

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) represent a class of solvents that offer a number of advantages including minimal toxicity, affordability, low vapor pressure, and simple, environmentally friendly preparation methods. They have found utility in areas, such as gas absorption, metal plating, and extractions. However, the relationship between their solvation properties and chemical composition remains poorly understood. In this study, a broad range of Type I DESs composed of metal chlorides and an imidazolium salt were prepared, employed as gas chromatographic stationary phases, and characterized using the Abraham solvation parameter model by inverse gas chromatography. The Abraham solvation parameter model allows for the study of DES solvation properties and the effects of varying structural components on system constants using a linear‐free energy relationship. The DESs were investigated by systematically varying their composition, including the type of metal chloride and the molar ratio between the metal chloride and the imidazolium salt. The results show that hydrogen bond acidity, hydrogen bond basicity, and dipolarity/polarizability interactions are strongly influenced by the type of metal chloride within the DES and the ratio of metal chloride to imidazolium salt in the eutectic mixture. Furthermore, a column pretreatment procedure is presented that enables the effective coating of highly polar DESs onto open tubular capillary gas chromatography columns.

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