# Differential Risk Factors for Hematoma Expansion in Deep and Lobar Intracerebral Hemorrhage

## TL;DR

This study identifies different risk factors for hematoma expansion in deep and lobar brain bleeds, which can improve prediction and treatment strategies.

## Contribution

The study reveals distinct independent risk factors for hematoma expansion in deep versus lobar intracerebral hemorrhage.

## Key findings

- Fluid level, low GCS score, and shorter time to CT are predictors for deep ICH expansion.
- Irregular shape and low fibrinogen levels predict expansion in lobar ICH.
- Risk factors differ between deep and lobar ICH, aiding in precise predictive modeling.

## Abstract

Understanding the risk factors for hematoma expansion (HE) in different regions of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can help in the development of more accurate HE prediction tools and in implementing more effective clinical treatment interventions. This study aims to investigate the risk factors for HE in patients with lobar and deep ICH.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 558 cases of primary supratentorial ICH from Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University. Patients were categorized into lobar ICH and deep ICH groups. Differential analysis of ICH characteristics at different locations was performed, followed by subgroup analysis based on HE occurrence. Binary logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for HE in each group.

Among the 404 patients with ICH who underwent follow-up noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) scans, the proportion with HE was similar in the deep ICH group (23.2%) and the lobar ICH group (22.7%). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that fluid level (odds ratio [OR] 4.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.74–13.06), admission Glasgow Coma Scale score (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.80–0.96), and time from onset to NCCT examination (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.75–0.94) were independently associated with HE in the deep ICH group. In the lobar ICH group, irregular shape (OR 4.96, 95% CI 1.37–18.01) and fibrinogen level (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.21–0.86) were significant risk factors.

Fluid level, low admission Glasgow Coma Scale score, and shorter time from onset to NCCT are independent predictors of HE in deep ICH, whereas irregular shape and low fibrinogen levels are independent predictors of HE in lobar ICH. These findings are of great significance for elucidating the mechanisms underlying HE in different locations of ICH and for developing precise predictive models of HE.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12028-025-02218-z.