# Developing a digital health competency assessment framework for public health services: a Delphi-AHP approach

## TL;DR

This paper creates a framework to assess digital health skills in public health services, combining expert input and a structured method to guide better policy and education.

## Contribution

A novel multidimensional digital health competency assessment framework using Delphi-AHP methodology is developed.

## Key findings

- The framework includes 3 primary indicators: Health Literacy, Information Literacy, and Digital Competency.
- Health Literacy and Information Literacy were found to be the most weighted indicators.
- The framework supports policy-making and education to address the digital divide in public health.

## Abstract

To construct a scientifically validated and practical digital health competency assessment framework for public health services, addressing gaps in current evaluation paradigms that fail to comprehensively assess individuals’ proactive engagement with digital health tools.

The study employed a mixed-methods approach, beginning with a systematic literature review and structured interviews to draft an initial indicator system. Two rounds of Delphi consultations with 15 experts were conducted to refine the framework, followed by quantification of indicators using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).

The final framework comprises 3 primary indicators (Health Literacy, Information Literacy, Digital Competency), 9 secondary indicators, and 19 tertiary indicators. Health Literacy and Information Literacy were weighted highest (0.4545 each), reflecting their foundational roles, while Digital Competency (0.0909) served as a complementary enabler.

This study addresses a critical gap in digital health research by providing a multidimensional assessment tool that integrates technological, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions. The framework aligns with global digital health strategies and responds to societal challenges like the “digital divide.” Its practical applications include guiding policy-making, optimizing digital health services, and tailoring health education programs to improve public health outcomes.