# Hysteroscopic Confirmation of a Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation as a Possible Cause of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

## TL;DR

A uterine arteriovenous malformation was diagnosed via hysteroscopy in a woman with unexplained pregnancy losses and successfully treated, leading to a successful pregnancy.

## Contribution

Demonstrates hysteroscopy's role in diagnosing uterine arteriovenous malformations as a curable cause of recurrent pregnancy loss.

## Key findings

- Hysteroscopy confirmed a uterine arteriovenous malformation in a patient with three unexplained pregnancy losses.
- Uterine artery embolization resolved the malformation, followed by a successful spontaneous pregnancy and live birth.
- Uterine arteriovenous malformations may be an under-recognized cause of recurrent pregnancy loss.

## Abstract

This case report highlights the cornerstone role played by hysteroscopy to confirm a diagnosis of uterine arteriovenous malformations that was ambiguous with the imaging studies. A 30-year-old nulliparous woman who experienced three unexplained recurrent pregnancy losses was suspected of having a uterine arteriovenous malformation. The arteriovenous malformation was confirmed through hysteroscopy and managed with a multidisciplinary approach involving interventional radiology and reproductive specialists. The hysteroscopy was followed by uterine artery embolization, which resulted in the resolution of the arteriovenous malformation. A spontaneous pregnancy and live birth rapidly followed. Uterine arteriovenous malformations have been widely reported in gynecology as a consequence of the surgical treatment of a miscarriage or gestational trophoblastic disease. We suggest that they are also important to diagnose in patients presenting with recurrent pregnancy loss, where they represent a curable etiology.