# Temperature and AC electrical properties effects on phosphate natural mixture, Abu Tartur plateau, Western Desert, Egypt

## TL;DR

This study examines how temperature and frequency affect the electrical properties of phosphate mixtures from Egypt's Abu Tartur plateau to better understand their geological and industrial significance.

## Contribution

The paper provides new insights into the non-linear relationship between temperature, frequency, and AC electrical properties of natural phosphate mixtures.

## Key findings

- Electrical properties of phosphate mixtures increase with temperature due to enhanced charge carrier mobility.
- Conductivity and dielectric constant show a non-linear dependence on temperature and frequency.
- Heterogeneity in the material significantly influences the observed electrical behavior.

## Abstract

The research is focused on examining electrical properties (conductivity and dielectric constant), mineralogy, and geochemical behaviors of natural phosphate mixtures, Abu Tartur plateau, Western Desert Egypt. Abu Tartur plateau has a rich supply of phosphorus deposits. Phosphate deposits mostly consist of fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F). Our objective is to evaluate the changes in AC electrical properties, emphasizing the effects of temperature, and frequency variations. Electrical properties expand with temperature due to greater mobility of charge carriers at higher frequencies and at higher temperatures. Electrical characteristics were subjected to a temperature range of 60–700 0C and frequencies of 42 Hz–5 MHz. Electrical properties of phosphate mixtures have a non-linear association with temperature and are highly dependent on frequency. As temperature rises, the conductivity of the mixture also increases, as evidenced by the temperature coefficient. The completion of these investigations will lead to a greater understanding of the geological and geochemical processes that lead to phosphate formation deposits, as well as the development of more effective industrial methods and material attributes. Temperature and conductivity are connected because dissolved ions increase both temperature and conductivity. Both conductivity and temperature are influenced by dissolved ions, hence they are coupled. Heterogeneity fluctuation can have a significant impact on the electrical characteristics of materials. Due to heterogeneity, the change in electrical characteristics is not monotonically affected by increasing conductor concentration. Presence of electrical features becomes more noticeable as temperature concentration increases. AC electrical conductivity of a phosphate natural combination from Abu Tartur and its fluctuation with temperature is inadequate and this work seeks to close this information gap.