# Young apple tree development under agroforestry radiative conditions: a multi-scale morphological and architectural dataset

## TL;DR

This paper presents a dataset on how young apple trees grow in different light conditions within an agroforestry system, focusing on their architectural and morphological changes.

## Contribution

The study introduces a multi-scale dataset capturing apple tree architecture under varying shade levels in agroforestry, enabling analysis of morphological plasticity.

## Key findings

- Apple tree architecture varies significantly under different radiative conditions imposed by walnut trees.
- The dataset includes detailed morphological traits at multiple scales, such as leaf area and branch angles.
- Ancillary data on radiation and allometric relationships are provided to study shade effects on early tree development.

## Abstract

Agroforestry is a major adaptation and mitigation strategy facing climate warming, but its agronomic viability depends on actual plant responses to shade conditions. Growing fruit trees under dominant trees may reduce the risks related to extreme climatic events, such as frost or heat waves. Nonetheless, except for some sciaphilous plants, such as coffee or cacao, their physiological and architectural responses to agroforestry conditions are little known, especially in temperate climate. We present a dataset describing the architecture and morphology of 45 young apple trees, acquired in two consecutive years, along a radiative gradient, as in three growing conditions of an agroforestry plot: (i) the open field, (ii) between, and (iii) along rows of dominant walnut trees. The data are stored as standard multi-scale tree graphs that allow to store the topology, geometry, and attributes of the plant at different scales. It includes plant traits at three topological scales: whole tree, growth unit, and the internode. The traits include organ fate (latent, vegetative, floral bud, and bud extinction sites); length and an estimate of the leaf area of growth units; diameter, zenith, and azimuth angles of second-order branches. The number of leaves, flowers, fruits, and fruit drops is also counted on a sample of 10, possibly apical, flower buds per tree. The dataset includes ancillary measurements on sampled shoots, used to derive allometric relationships between shoot length and leaf area; and an estimate of the radiation reaching each apple tree during the vegetative season. The multi-scale description and the different light growing conditions characterizing the digitized trees allow to investigate relationships between the shade-related agroforestry environment and the apple tree morphological and architectural plasticity, during the early tree development, from the internode to the whole tree.

The dataset portrays the architectural growth of 45 apple trees developing in different illumination conditions, determined by the various shading imposed by the presence/absence of nearby dominant walnut trees in an agroforestry environment. Apple tree morphological characteristics (e.g. the leaf area, distance between leaves, the branch inclination, ...) are described as seen at different spatial resolution, namely considering thair average for the whole plant or as they vary within single branches.