# Screening mental health risks for adolescents in South Korea

## TL;DR

This study validates mental health screening tools for depression, anxiety, and suicide risk in South Korean adolescents, showing they work well across different groups.

## Contribution

The study establishes normative data and confirms the psychometric validity of three mental health screening tools for South Korean adolescents.

## Key findings

- The screening tools showed excellent internal consistency and unidimensional factor structure in adolescents.
- Measurement invariance was confirmed across sex and age subgroups in the adolescent sample.
- Girls and older adolescents reported higher symptom prevalence, and tools correlated strongly with mental health indicators.

## Abstract

Depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation are significant mental health problems among adolescents, especially in South Korea, which has one of the highest adolescent suicide rates globally. However, few standardized and validated mental health screening tools exist for this population. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties and establish normative data for the Mental Health Screening Tool for Depressive Disorder (MHS: D), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (MHS: A), and Suicide Risk (MHS: S) in South Korean adolescents.

An online survey involving 6,689 students and out-of-school youths (aged 10–18 years) was conducted between July and August 2021. Psychometric properties—including reliability, validity, and measurement invariance—were assessed by comparing adolescent and adult samples and demographic subgroups within the adolescent sample.

All three screening tools demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α: MHS: D = 0.92, MHS: A = 0.93, and MHS: S = 0.86) and adequate unidimensional factor structure in the adolescent sample. A multi-group confirmatory factor analysis showed that the unidimensional factor structure of each instrument was maintained between the adolescent and adult samples, and that measurement invariance was maintained across adolescent sex and age subgroups. Reference norms indicated higher symptom prevalence among girls compared to boys, with symptom severity increasing with age. Significant correlations with mental health indicators (i.e., somatization, self-harm, perceived stress, and peritraumatic COVID-19 stress) supported the high construct validity of the instruments and highlighted the detrimental impact of mental health concerns on overall well-being.

The MHS: D, MHS: A, and MHS: S demonstrated excellent psychometric properties across sex and age subgroups in a representative adolescent sample. Using these validated tools in clinical and community settings can aid in monitoring adolescent mental health and preventing suicide risk.