# Family forest owner’s perspectives on headwater streams in boreal forests: Motivations, values, and conservation actions

## TL;DR

This study explores how family forest owners in boreal regions view headwater streams and what motivates them to protect these important water sources.

## Contribution

The study reveals how residence location and awareness of ecological connections influence forest owners' conservation behaviors.

## Key findings

- Most forest owners are motivated by recreation rather than conservation.
- Owners living far from their forests prioritize biodiversity and heritage more than nearby residents.
- Awareness of forest-stream connections increases willingness to protect streams.

## Abstract

Boreal headwater streams are vital for forest biodiversity and larger water bodies but face challenges from forest management. Understanding forest owner’s views is key for effective water management. Our research surveys family forest owners to explore: (1) their perception of stream value, (2) factors driving their willingness to protect streams, and (3) if motivations for forest ownership vary by residence. Most owners are motivated by recreation. Those living far from their forests prioritize landscape, heritage, and biodiversity more than nearby residents. While owners recognize the importance of biodiversity and water protection, this does not always influence their management choices. Owners who are familiar with the link between forest management and stream health are more willing to protect streams from logging impacts. These findings highlight the need for better advice and policies for forest owners on managing water quality and biodiversity.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-025-02163-3.