The refugee waves and the continuum of violence experienced by Ukrainian refugee women in Bulgaria
Alexey Pamporov

TL;DR
This study explores the ongoing violence faced by Ukrainian refugee women in Bulgaria, highlighting how institutional and cultural factors increase their vulnerability to gender-based violence.
Contribution
The paper introduces a typology of refugee waves and links them to survival strategies and exposure to gender-based violence.
Findings
Bulgaria’s state accommodation program increases risks of gender-based violence for Ukrainian refugee women.
Cultural myths and national stereotypes exacerbate the vulnerability of Ukrainian refugee women.
The study confirms patterns of 'slow violence' and 'violence of uncertainty' among Ukrainian refugee women in Bulgaria.
Abstract
This article examines the continuum of violence experienced by Ukrainian refugee women in Bulgaria over the past 3 years, following the full-scale invasion by the Russian army. The study draws on a secondary analysis and triangulation of three quantitative surveys commissioned by UNHCR and UNICEF in Bulgaria, along with three waves of a randomized socio-economic survey funded by UNHCR. Employing a constructivist grounded theory approach, the article proposes a typology of several refugee waves. It argues that the period of arrival, the means of arrival, and the type of accommodation selected reflect the survival strategies of refugee women and may influence their exposure to both community-based and transnational gender-based violence (GBV). The findings indicate that certain institutional features of Bulgaria’s state accommodation programme for individuals with temporary protection…
Genes, proteins, chemicals, diseases, species, mutations and cell lines named across the full text — each resolved to its canonical identifier and authoritative record.
Click any figure to enlarge with its caption.
Figure 1
Figure 2Peer Reviews
No public reviews on file for this paper yet. If you reviewed it on a platform where reviews are public (OpenReview, ICLR, NeurIPS, ICML), you can paste yours below so the community can read it here.
Videos
No videos yet. Explain this paper in a talk, walkthrough, or lecture? Add one.
Taxonomy
TopicsGender, Security, and Conflict · Migration, Health and Trauma · Migration, Refugees, and Integration
