# Oxidative stress in pediatric diseases associated with the origin of life and growth and development **Authors:** Bo Zheng, Jianhua Fu PMC · DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1550765 · 2025-07-15 ## TL;DR This paper reviews how oxidative stress is linked to various pediatric diseases and suggests new ways to treat them. ## Contribution The paper provides new theoretical foundations and therapeutic targets for pediatric diseases related to oxidative stress. ## Key findings - Oxidative stress is associated with the progression of pediatric diseases. - Antioxidant imbalances are linked to disease prognosis in children. - New therapeutic strategies are proposed based on oxidative stress mechanisms. ## Abstract The presence of oxidative stress and an imbalance in antioxidant mechanisms have been demonstrated in numerous diseases. Furthermore, mounting evidence suggests that the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of certain pediatric diseases linked to the origin of life and growth and development are also associated with oxidative stress. In this review, we systematically analyze the relationship between oxidative stress and various pediatric diseases, proposing new theoretical foundations and therapeutic targets for their treatment. ## Full-text entities - **Genes:** TFAM (transcription factor A, mitochondrial) [NCBI Gene 7019] {aka MTDPS15, MTTF1, MTTFA, TCF6, TCF6L1, TCF6L2}, CRP (C-reactive protein) [NCBI Gene 1401] {aka PTX1}, CYP4F2 (cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 2) [NCBI Gene 8529] {aka CPF2}, PPARGC1A (PPARG coactivator 1 alpha) [NCBI Gene 10891] {aka LEM6, PGC-1(alpha), PGC-1alpha, PGC-1v, PGC1, PGC1A}, PDE5A (phosphodiesterase 5A) [NCBI Gene 8654] {aka CGB-PDE, CN5A, PDE5}, ABL1 (ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase) [NCBI Gene 25] {aka ABL, BCR-ABL, CHDSKM, JTK7, bcr/abl, c-ABL}, SOD3 (superoxide dismutase 3) [NCBI Gene 6649] {aka EC-SOD}, GHRH (growth hormone releasing hormone) [NCBI Gene 2691] {aka GHRF, GRF, INN}, Sod1 (superoxide dismutase 1, soluble) [NCBI Gene 20655] {aka B430204E11Rik, Cu/Zn-SOD, CuZnSOD, Ipo-1, Ipo1, SODC}, DUOX2 (dual oxidase 2) [NCBI Gene 50506] {aka LNOX2, NOXEF2, P138-TOX, TDH6, THOX2}, LINC00938 (long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 938) [NCBI Gene 400027], CASP3 (caspase 3) [NCBI Gene 836] {aka CPP32, CPP32B, SCA-1}, SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1) [NCBI Gene 6647] {aka ALS, ALS1, HEL-S-44, IPOA, SOD, STAHP}, APOD (apolipoprotein D) [NCBI Gene 347], NOS3 (nitric oxide synthase 3) [NCBI Gene 4846] {aka EC-NOS, ECNOS, MYMY8, NOSIII, cNOS, eNOS}, EGF (epidermal growth factor) [NCBI Gene 1950] {aka HOMG4, URG}, SST (somatostatin) [NCBI Gene 6750] {aka SMST, SST1}, G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) [NCBI Gene 2539] {aka CNSHA1, G6PD1}, Nos3 (nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell) [NCBI Gene 18127] {aka 2310065A03Rik, Nos-3, eNOS, ecNOS}, GH1 (growth hormone 1) [NCBI Gene 2688] {aka GH, GH-N, GHB5, GHN, IGHD1A, IGHD1B}, AKT1 (AKT serine/threonine kinase 1) [NCBI Gene 207] {aka AKT, PKB, PKB-ALPHA, PRKBA, RAC, RAC-ALPHA}, GGH (gamma-glutamyl hydrolase) [NCBI Gene 8836] {aka GATD10, GH}, FOXO1 (forkhead box O1) [NCBI Gene 2308] {aka FKH1, FKHR, FOXO1A}, NOX1 (NADPH oxidase 1) [NCBI Gene 27035] {aka GP91-2, MOX1, NOH-1, NOH-1L, NOH1}, IGF1 (insulin like growth factor 1) [NCBI Gene 3479] {aka IGF, IGF-I, IGFI, MGF}, SIRT1 (sirtuin 1) [NCBI Gene 23411] {aka SIR2, SIR2L1, SIR2alpha}, INS (insulin) [NCBI Gene 3630] {aka IDDM, IDDM1, IDDM2, ILPR, IRDN, MODY10}, Nos1 (nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal) [NCBI Gene 18125] {aka 2310005C01Rik, N-NOS, NC-NOS, NO, NOS, NOS-I}, NOS2 (nitric oxide synthase 2) [NCBI Gene 4843] {aka HEP-NOS, INOS, NOS, NOS2A}, PIK3CB (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta) [NCBI Gene 5291] {aka P110BETA, PI3K, PI3KBETA, PIK3C1}, NFE2L2 (NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2) [NCBI Gene 4780] {aka IMDDHH, NRF2, Nrf-2}, SOD2 (superoxide dismutase 2) [NCBI Gene 6648] {aka GC1, GClnc1, IPO-B, IPOB, MNSOD, MVCD6}, CAT (catalase) [NCBI Gene 847], MPO (myeloperoxidase) [NCBI Gene 4353] - **Diseases:** neurosensory disorders (MESH:D006319), blindness (MESH:D001766), ROP (MESH:D012178), CHDs (MESH:D006330), impairments in motor function (MESH:D000068079), cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (MESH:D002318), neonatal hypoglycemia (MESH:D007003), preeclampsia (MESH:D011225), inflammatory bowel disease (MESH:D015212), pulmonary interstitial fibrosis (MESH:D011658), necrosis (MESH:D009336), complication (MESH:D008107), hyperoxia (MESH:D018496), insufficient insulin secretion (MESH:D000309), metabolic syndrome (MESH:D024821), congenital malformations (OMIM:163000), Alzheimer's disease (MESH:D000544), cerebral palsy (MESH:D002547), TAA (MESH:D017545), aortic dilatations (MESH:D002311), GDM (MESH:D016640), cardiac injury (MESH:D006331), neurological diseases (MESH:D020271), Insulin Resistance (MESH:D007333), TTTS (MESH:D005330), metabolic disorder (MESH:D008659), Cancer (MESH:D009369), inflammation (MESH:D007249), COPD (MESH:D029424), NEC (MESH:D020345), ventricular septal defects (MESH:D006345), IUGR (MESH:D005317), MFS (MESH:D008382), autoimmune (MESH:D001327), GHD (MESH:D004393), lung disease (MESH:D008171), Obesity (MESH:D009765), malnutrition (MESH:D044342), BPD (MESH:D001997), iron deficiency (MESH:D000090463), neurodevelopmental disorders (MESH:D002658), neonatal diseases (MESH:D007232), NTDs (MESH:D009436), HIBD (MESH:D002534), endocrine diseases (MESH:D004700), OS (MESH:D000079225), short stature (MESH:D006130), deficiency (MESH:D007153), retinopathy (MESH:D058437), pulmonary arterial hypertension (MESH:D000081029), hypoxia (MESH:D000860), IVH (MESH:D000074042), , hearing, and vision (MESH:D054062), developmental disorders of fetal pulmonary surfactant (MESH:D005315), visual impairment (MESH:D014786), Deficiency of G6PD (MESH:D005955), intracranial hemorrhage (MESH:D020300), Diabetes (MESH:D003920), patent ductus arteriosus (MESH:D004374), structural (MESH:D020914) - **Chemicals:** Hydrocortisone (MESH:D006854), GSSG (MESH:D019803), ROS (MESH:D017382), EA (MESH:C022999), Melatonin (MESH:D008550), lipid (MESH:D008055), carbohydrate (MESH:D002241), triglyceride (MESH:D014280), beta-carotene (MESH:D019207), reactive nitrogen species (MESH:D026361), nitrogen oxide (MESH:D009589), free radicals (MESH:D005609), NADP+ (MESH:D009249), myricetin (MESH:C040015), isoprostane (MESH:D028421), selenium (MESH:D012643), peroxide (MESH:D010545), L-arginine (MESH:D001120), N-acetylcysteine amide (MESH:C487056), water (MESH:D014867), menaquinone-4 (MESH:C030814), nitrite (MESH:D009573), vitamin C (MESH:D001205), MDA (MESH:D008315), TBARS (MESH:D017392), N-acetylcysteine (MESH:D000111), Copper (MESH:D003300), iNO (MESH:D007288), hydroxyl radical (MESH:D017665), Zn (MESH:D015032), 8-isoprostane (MESH:C075750), NO (MESH:D009569), retinol (MESH:D014801), blood glucose (MESH:D001786), all-trans retinoic acid (MESH:D014212), GSH (MESH:D005978), Vitamin E (MESH:D014810), nitrate (MESH:D009566), molecular oxygen (MESH:D010100), iron (MESH:D007501), calcium (MESH:D002118), vitamin K2 (MESH:D024482), .OH (-), superoxide (MESH:D013481), pentose phosphate (MESH:D010428), H2O2 (MESH:D006861), tocopherol (MESH:D024505) - **Species:** Rattus norvegicus (brown rat, species) [taxon 10116], Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090], Danio rerio (leopard danio, species) [taxon 7955], Ovis aries (domestic sheep, species) [taxon 9940], Oryctolagus cuniculus (domestic rabbit, species) [taxon 9986], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606] - **Cell lines:** SH-SY5Y — Homo sapiens (Human), Neuroblastoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_0019) ## Figures 4 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12303888/full.md --- Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12303888